The Eddy Currents are electrical current loops induced within conductors when an alternating magnetic field is applied to the magnetic material or conductors. The concept of eddy current( loss of energy) dates back to the 19th Century. Since then eddy current has been applied to various fields like electrical motors, generators, aerospace engineering, and industrial applications. The eddy currents are a natural part of the electromagnetic process and the phenomenon based on an induced electromotive mechanism that explains the behavior of electrical discharges was laid by Michael Faraday. He also coined the terms electromagnet, electrolyte, generators, motors, and transformers. The eddy currents and electromotive force( also known as Back Electromotive Force) are two important interrelated concepts in electromagnetism that combine electricity and magnetism in conductors to create electromagnetic waves.

Highlights of the Article- There is a slight difference in the output power of the transformer compared to its input power. Moreover, there are four types of transformer losses. In this article, we will examine Eddy Current Loss in Transformer, which is considered one of the significant power losses. Hence, the blog covers the following topics:- 

• Importance of Eddy Current Loss in Transformer,
• Measures taken to mitigate their effects,
• Examining the Eddy Current loss impact,
• Modern Techniques to Calculate the Eddy Current Loss in Transformer.

What is a Transformer- The electrical transformer is a static electrical machine used to increase or decrease the AC voltage levels. The Alternating current(AC) is a form of current that is generated by using an electronic alternator device. This is an important device to convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Transformers are the critical components in power systems that are designed to transfer electrical energy from one alternating current to another. These are an essential open-source device used for power- generation, transmission, distribution, etc. Moreover, eddy current loss and inefficiency caused are two important aspects of the transformer.

What is Eddy Current- Eddy current, also referred to as Foucault’s current is the flow of electric current induced near the surface of the conductor due to changing magnetic field when the magnet is positioned year. These are closed loops of electrical currents that are generated when a conductor is moving through the changing electric field. These induced currents exposed to fluctuating magnetic fields lead to energy losses and heating in electrical systems. Hence, let us quickly understand Eddy Current Loss in Transformer along with its impact and underlying principles.

The Impact of Eddy Current Loss in Transformer

Why Eddy Current Loss Critically Important for Transformer Operation- The energy lost in the conversion process or the inherited loss within the transformer is called the eddy current loss. These circulating electromotive currents due conductor’s changing magnetic field impact in improving the transformer efficiency which in turn reduces operational costs and energy consumption. Moreover, we have explored the phenomenon of eddy current induced in the metal( conductors like copper, and aluminum), highlighting the crucial role in optimizing performance in electric motor design, and electrical power transmission along with electromagnetic interference( EMI) shielding. Therefore, let us quickly understand why is Eddy current loss important for Transformer operation. 

• The conductor or a metal part moving in the magnetic field carries a high voltage current causing increased temperature. Excessive temperatures beyond the critical operating point can compromise the transformer’s efficiency and lifespan, cause oil leakage, or cause insulation failure. 
• Eddy Current Loss in transformer is a significant factor influencing efficiency, heat generation, and material selection. 
• Moreover, by addressing the power loss in an ideal transformer you can contribute to controlling the temperature, improving power system stability, and enhancing magnetic shielding. 
• The favorable properties of the core materials such as silicon steel or amorphous steel influence the impact of eddy current loss.

Hence, the losses due to energy dissipation and heat generation can impact the transformer’s performance and efficiency. 

Modern Techqnuies to Calculate the Eddy Current Loss in Transformer- Since we have comprehended the impact of Eddy Current Loss in transformer, let us move into the methods to calculate( measure) these power losses. 

• Traditionally, eddy current loss was calculated using empirical formulas or analytical formulas based on Faraday’s law and Maxwell’s equation. These formulas and equations lack precision for modern transformer design with complex geometries and engineered architecture of the material.
• The recent advancement in technology has introduced some modern techniques to calculate these loops of induced current to minimize unwanted heating and energy dissipation in the transformer. Some of the enhanced modern techniques are Finite Element Method( FEM), Computational Fluid Dynamics, High- Frequency Eddy Current loss applications, machine learning and artificial intelligence. These modern technologies can offer several benefits from increased accuracy to cost savings and reliability. 

Therefore, it is significantly important to calculate and measure the eddy current loss that occurs in the conductive parts of the transformers and core windings. 

Laxmi Associates: Industry Leader in Power System Testing & Diagnostic Services

Now that we have covered the impact of eddy current loss in transformer, and learned the methods to calculate these circulating power losses, let us now examine how the leading power diagnostic and testing services company, across Asia and Africa, will contribute to mitigating loss by addressing these issues. The well-established Indian company, Laxmi Associates specializes in condition assessment and remaining life assessment of major power transmission and distribution equipment. Moreover, the company has a vast network of expert engineers and technicians offering extensive engineering services committed to advancing power system reliability and efficiency. The company’s generation, transmission, distribution, and manufacturing centers have a widespread presence across Asia and Africa. Additionally, the leading company encompasses a broad range of high-voltage substation solutions for GIS( Geographic Information System) and AIS configurations up to 765kV. Hence, collaboration with Laxmi Associates can optimize performance and extend life- span of critical equipment.  

Final Words- The article is well-written to articulate the concept of eddy current and thoroughly explain its loss. This power loss in the transformer is essential for optimizing its performance, and functionality. Moreover, partnering with reliable and trusted leaders in power system testing can contribute to fostering a sustainable energy-conscious power generator grid.